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AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ, ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€, ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„, ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ
alkali activated slag paste, rheology, plastic viscosity, yield stress

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์„ ์ •

  •   2.1 ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  •   2.2 ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์„ ์ •

  • 3. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   3.1 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

  •   3.1.1 ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ

  •   3.1.2 ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ

  •   3.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   3.2.1 AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ

  •   3.2.2 ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜

  •   3.2.3 ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜

  •   3.2.4 ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜

  •   3.3 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

  • 4. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ

  •   4.2 ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„

  •   4.3 ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ

  •   4.4 ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™ํ•™์  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถ•์ ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ, ์Šฌ๋Ÿผํ”„, ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ • ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’๋งŒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.1) ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณ ์œ ๋™ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„(Viscosity) ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ(Yield stress)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€(Rheology)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€๋Š” ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ(Fluidity)๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•(Deformation)์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์€ ์‘๋ ฅ, ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ ์งˆ๊ธฐ(Consistency)์™€ ์‹œ๊ณต์—ฐ๋„(Workability)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ Bingham ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.2) Bingham ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‹ (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC2C.gif๋Š” ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ(Pa), /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC6C.gif๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ(Pa), /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC7D.gif๋Š” ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„(Paยทs), /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC8D.gif๋Š” ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„(s-1)์ด๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PICBD.gif (1)

Bingham ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์˜ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ˆ˜(Parameter)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Yahia๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ Bingham ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,3,4) Yen์€ ๊ตณ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.5) ๋˜ํ•œ Bilgil์€ ๊ตณ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.6)

ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฑด์„ค์—…๊ณ„์˜ โ€˜์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(AAS) ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, AAS ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์›๋ฃŒ์ธ ํด๋ง์ปค๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์—… ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— OPC์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.7-9) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ OPC ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ดํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋†’๋‹ค.10) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ OPC์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์œ ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(AAS) ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์„ ์ •๋œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ 7 ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 21๊ฐœ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ 7๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„(Shear rate) ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋‹จ ์‘๋ ฅ(Shear stress)์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์„ ์ •

2.1 ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฐํ™”๊ทœ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐํ™”์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์†Œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์„ฑ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.11) ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 1์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋น„์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ์ด๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ 7% ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 3, 7, 28์ผ ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ฑ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์—ด์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ AAS ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตณ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ฑ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1 Compressive strength of AAS mortars with alkali activators

Materials

Compressive strength (MPa)

Source material

Alkali Activators

3 Days

7 Days

28 Days

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)

Caustic Alkalis

NaOH

10.4

13.7

16.2

Ca(OH)2

5.5

11.5

14.3

Ba(OH)2

4.0

4.5

5.7

Non-silicate Weak acid salts

Na2SO4

-

-

-

Na2CO3

-

-

-

CaCO3

-

-

-

K2CO3

-

-

-

NaF

1.0

3.1

10.7

Silicates

Na2SiO3

11.4

14.0

17.8

K2SiO3

-

-

-

Non-silicate Strong acid salts

Ca2SO4

-

0.5

1.1

K2SO4

-

-

-

2.2 ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์„ ์ •

์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—ฌ๋ถ€ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ธ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์—ผ์ธ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์™€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.12,13) ์„ ์ •๋œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ๋‹จ๋… ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ๋Š” Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 2 Selected combination of AAS binder

Mix

Materials

GGBS (%)

Alkali Activators (%)

G1

90%

Ca(OH)2 7%

Na2SO4 3%

G2

90%

Na2SiO3 10%

G3

93%

NaOH 3%

Na2CO3 4%

3. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.1 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

3.1.1 ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” KS L 5201 (ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ)์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์— ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด S์‚ฌ์˜ 1์ข…(๋ณดํ†ต ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ) ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ KS F 2563 (์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง)์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์— ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” G์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ 3์ข…(๋ถ„๋ง๋„ 4,204 cm2/g)์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋Š” Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 3 Chemical composition of the source material (% by mass)

Source

material

Composition (%)

SiO2

Al2O3

CaO

Fe2O3

MgO

Na2O

K2O

P2O5

SO3

OPC

20.0

7.0

65.0

2.7

2.6

0.5

0.2

-

2.0

GGBS

31.57

13.58

43.26

0.38

4.86

0.18

0.41

0.04

4.53

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Fig. 1 Tests of pastes

3.1.2 ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ

์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ฑ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์—ด์ธ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ธ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์—ผ์ธ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 5์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ„๋งํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.2.1 AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ

AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์€ KS L 5109 (์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ๋ฏน์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 60์ดˆ๊ฐ„ 140 rpm์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 30์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ํ›„, 285 rpm์œผ๋กœ 3๋ถ„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋’ค ์œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.2 ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜

AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ KS L 5111 (์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์‹œํ—˜์šฉ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ํƒ€๊ฒฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ต์ฐจ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3ํšŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.3 ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜

AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ KS F 2432 (์ฃผ์ž… ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์ปจ์‹œ์Šคํ„ด์‹œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ 500 ml๋ฅผ ์œ ์ถœ์‹œ์ผœ 100 ml ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊น”๋•Œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ๊ตฌ์— ๋น„์ปค๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด 100 ml ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด 3ํšŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.4 ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜

AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์›๋ฟ”-ํ‰ํŒ(Cone and plate type)ํšŒ์ „์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹œํŽธ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(gap size)์€ 0.03 mm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ถ• ๋ฐ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์€ Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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Fig. 2 Spindle and Specifications of rheometer

๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์‘์ง‘๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 110 s-1์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„๋กœ 60์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.14) ์ดํ›„์— ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ 60์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  240์ดˆ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 0์—์„œ 98.4 s-1, 98.4 s-1์—์„œ 0๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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Fig. 3 Rheological protocol of pastes

3.3 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ G1, G2, G3์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๋ฅผ 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60%์˜ 7์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 28์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ, ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์ƒ์„ธ๋Š” Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 4 Test variables of pastes

Mix

Composition of binder (% by mass)

W/B (%)

Source material

Alkali activators

OP-42

OPC 100%

-

42

OP-45

45

OP-48

48

OP-51

51

OP-54

54

OP-57

57

OP-60

60

G1-42

GGBS 90%

Calcium Hydroxide

7%

Sodium Sulfate

3%

42

G1-45

45

G1-48

48

G1-51

51

G1-54

54

G1-57

57

G1-60

60

G2-42

GGBS 90%

Sodium Silicate

10%

42

G2-45

45

G2-48

48

G2-51

51

G2-54

54

G2-57

57

G2-60

60

G3-42

GGBS 93%

Sodium Hydroxide

3%

Sodium Carbonate

4%

42

G3-45

45

G3-48

48

G3-51

51

G3-54

54

G3-57

57

G3-60

60

4. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ

Fig. 4๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” 170~325 mm๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋„ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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Fig. 4 Table flow of pastes

G1 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 110~215 mm์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. G1-42 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ 110 mm๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์ฝ˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ง๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” 0 mm์ด๋‹ค. G1 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค G1-54 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

G2 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 163~308 mm ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. G2 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ G2-54 ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์ •์ˆ˜์ธ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์€ 60% ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 110~190 mm์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. G3-42, 45 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์ด 110 mm ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ 25 mm ์ •๋„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€ 60% ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ž‘์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4.2 ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„

Table 5๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ 500 ml ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 100 ml ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

G1 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, G1-42์™€ G1-45 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— G1-48๋ถ€ํ„ฐ G1-60๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. G2 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์œ ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ 500 ml ์ „๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. G2-42์™€ G2-45 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋„ ์ปค์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, G2-48๋ถ€ํ„ฐ G2-60 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” G1๊ณผ G2 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , 7์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์ค‘ G3-54, G3-57, G3โ€“60 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ 500 ml ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. G3-42์™€ G3-45 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  G3-48 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” 200 ml ์ดํ›„, G3-51 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” 300 ml ์ดํ›„์—์„œ ์œ ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. G1 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 48% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์œ ํ•˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์ •์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ „๋ถ€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์ดํ›„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์†์‹ค๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹จ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก 100 ml ๋‹น ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์œ ์ถœ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ž์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 5 Outflow time of pastes

Time (sec)

Mix

W/C 

(%)

Outflow (ml)

100

200

300

400

500

OP-42

42

8.79

14.6

24.9

37.3

61.0

OP-45

45

3.2

5.24

7.96

10.7

16.3

OP-48

48

2.4

3.32

4.72

6.00

8.45

OP-51

51

1.2

1.85

2.57

3.64

5.02

OP-54

54

1.0

1.69

2.22

3.16

4.74

OP-57

57

0.9

1.34

1.87

2.45

3.82

OP-60

60

0.7

1.12

1.69

2.10

3.50

G1-42

42

-

-

-

-

-

G1-45

45

-

-

-

-

-

G1-48

48

6.37

12.7

21.3

30.6

46.6

G1-51

51

3.11

6.62

10.3

18.0

34.5

G1-54

54

2

3.43

4.78

6.6

9.1

G1-57

57

1.7

3.16

4.73

6.43

8.33

G1-60

60

1.38

2.31

3.03

3.93

5.14

G2-42

42

9.23

17.6

30.8

47.5

80.6

G2-45

45

3.05

5.33

8.12

13.4

22.9

G2-48

48

2.8

5.36

7.97

11.6

15.7

G2-51

51

1.5

2.54

3.41

4.87

6.71

G2-54

54

1

2.08

3.04

4.28

5.68

G2-57

57

1

1.68

2.44

3.25

4.4

G2-60

60

0.7

1.42

2.17

3.06

4.18

G3-42

42

-

-

-

-

-

G3-45

45

-

-

-

-

-

G3-48

48

10.1

23.

-

-

-

G3-51

51

4.1

8.15

15.4

-

-

G3-54

54

4.4

6.98

11.1

18.2

31.5

G3-57

57

2.3

3.7

5.46

7.94

12.6

G3-60

60

1.77

2.85

4.09

5.7

8.13

4.3 ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 5๋Š” ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„โ€“์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. OPC, G1, G2, G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. 4 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„-์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜•์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์—ฌ Bingham ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์€ 5~93 Pa์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. G1 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 19 Pa์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 204 Pa์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์Šนํญ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. G2 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” G1 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ €6.7 Pa์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 106 Pa ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , 26 Pa์—์„œ 250 Pa ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” 4์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์ค‘ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/Figure_CONCRETE_27_5_05_F5.jpg

Fig. 5 Correlation between shear rate and stress

Table 6์€ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ-์ „๋‹จ์†๋„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ Bingham ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋‹จ์†๋„-์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ ์ถ•์˜ ์ ˆํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 0.08์—์„œ 0.68 ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๋Š” 0.1~2.0 Paยทs ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. G1 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๋Š” 0.26~1.70 Paยทs์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , G1-57 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ ธ G1-57 ์ดํ›„์— 500 ml ์œ ์ถœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹จ์ถ•๋˜๋Š” G1 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. G2 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๋Š” 0.12 Paยทs์—์„œ 0.80 Paยทs ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , G2-42 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” 0.6 Paยทs ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. G2 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 80.63 sec๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ G2-42 ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” 23 sec ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” 0.3 Paยทs์—์„œ 2.0 Paยทs ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ์— G3-48๊ณผ G3-51 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ถœ ๋„์ค‘ ์ค‘์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ , ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๋œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์€ OPC๊ฐ€ 3.29~24.5 Pa, G1 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด 9.96~40.6 Pa, G2 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด 4.08~26.1 Pa, G3๋Š” 19.6~48.6 Pa์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Table 6 Rheological parameters of pastes

Test

Mix

W/B (%)

42

45

48

51

54

57

60

Viscosity (Paยทs)

OPC

0.681

0.552

0.370

0.288

0.203

0.161

0.083

G1

1.70

1.21

0.750

0.538

0.389

0.363

0.263

G2

0.797

0.576

0.429

0.322

0.230

0.157

0.121

G3

1.98

1.42

0.945

0.670

0.610

0.462

0.306

Yield stress (Pa)

OPC

24.5

12.2

8.44

6.3

5.19

4.13

3.29

G1

40.6

27.4

23.1

21.1

18.7

12.4

9.96

G2

26.1

13.3

7.00

6.42

5.50

4.72

4.08

G3

48.6

40.7

34.0

29.9

24.5

21.2

19.65

4.4 ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

Fig. 6(a)๋Š” AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ G1-42, G1-45, G3-42, G3-45 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 100 ml ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜ R2์€ ์‹ (2)~(6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PICDD.gif๋Š” ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์ด๊ณ , /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PICEE.gif๋Š” ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์™„๋งŒํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC10E.gif (2)

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/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC14F.gif (4)

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC16F.gif (5)

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC18F.gif (6)

ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 1๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๊ทœํ™” (normalization) ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹ (7)์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜ R2์€ 0.89์ด๋ฉฐ, Fig. 6(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„๊ฐ€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ ๋•Œ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›์ ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜(Power-law function) ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ณก์„ ์ ํ•ฉ(Curve fitting) ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/Figure_CONCRETE_27_5_05_F6.jpg

Fig. 6 Correlation between Flow value and rheological parameters

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Fig. 5(c)๋Š” AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์™€ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์ด ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์ฝ˜์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ G1-42, G3-42, G3-45 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ •์ ํ‰ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ํผ์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์™€ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ (8)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC1B0.gif ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.5.511/images/PIC1C1.gif ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜ R2์€ 0.87๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„, ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์™€ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.89, 0.87๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ AAS ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ, ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

1)ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํญ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

2)์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์ธ G1-42, G1-45 ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ G3-42, G3-45 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. G3 ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” G1๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์œ ํ•˜ ๋„์ค‘ ๋Š๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, OPC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

3)4์ข…๋ฅ˜ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ํ•˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„-์†Œ์„ฑ์ ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ-ํ•ญ๋ณต์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 0.89, 0.87๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4)ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ, ์œ ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , AAS ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์—ญํŠน์„ฑํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์ง€์›(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 15-RDRP-B076564-02)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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